PERSPECTIVES OF DESIGNED ECOLOGIES

Designed ecology refers to a process of active and purposive design interventions that help enhance functional improvement, restoration, or reshaping of ecosystem in human settlements, especially in the areas suffering from severe ecological degradation. Different from ecological design, designed ecology is to creatively intervene and improve human beings’ complicated living environment. Starting from an examination of related concepts, this paper reviews designed ecology from four perspectives: creating natural environment; reintroducing native habitat; enhancing natural regeneration; and tending natural ecosystem. It further defines designed ecology at three levels: 1) ecological functionality, i.e. the design creates a self-maintaining ecosystem; 2) succession efficiency, i.e. the effect of the designed succession surpasses the results of natural regeneration or the design helps promote natural regeneration; and 3) landscape experience, i.e. the design offers aesthetic services to better respond to the needs of human society. The authors argue that an effective promotion of designed ecology relies on both the efforts of design practice and ecological study, including research on regional / local ecosystem, self-succession of ecosystem, and ecosystem capacity, as well as exploration of improving human living experience through design practice.     

DESIGNING A RESILIENT WATERSCAPE USING A LIVING LAB AND CATALYZING POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE

The both polycentric governance and Living Labs concepts are based on decentralized participatory planning, co-design, and decisionmaking. While the concept of Living Lab is still emerging, the Isar-Plan (2000 ~ 2011) pioneered the approach for selecting, co-designing, and implementing nature-based solutions along the Isar River in Munich, Germany. Despite multiple governing authorities involved in the decisionmaking process of the Isar-Plan, the polycentric governance that led to the success of the project has to date not been analyzed. This paper presents the results of an ex-post-analysis of the Isar-Plan restoration planning process based on stakeholder interviews and a literature review. The contribution describes the evolution of Isar-Plan governance arrangements and discusses the Living Lab approaches to cooperative governance. The analysis demonstrates how polycentricity facilitated trust, learning, and the co-design of a resilient waterscape. The paper concludes that Living Labs can be a way of applying polycentric governance when autonomous and multi-scale decision-makers are collaboratively involved in the design of policy solutions, and vice-versa.     

The hydrogen context and vulnerabilities in the central and Eastern European countries

The article contains examples about hydrogen research and development progress in different countries: Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine. Each chapter describes a specific situation for a country and one of them describes some aspects from Germany for comparison with one of international leaders. The examples described into articles are not aleatory. The intention of the authors is to give to the reader the possibility to understand the concrete examples about what means the state of hydrogen and fuel cell research and innovation in the Central and Eastern European countries. The chapters dedicated to Czech Republic, Poland, and Romania, reveal the commitment of these countries in this adventure, often viewed today as a subject of very advanced countries. The specific situation in the Russia Federation describes a strong background, an uncertain present and a questionable future for the hydrogen and fuel cell technology. Development of hydrogen technologies and fuel cells in Ukraine have a long history, also. All of that, in the EU context, by voice of the main stakeholders, considered the hydrogen and fuel cell a decisive issue, with economic and societal ramifications.     

基于改进的VSM的词义排歧策略

为了提高词义排歧的准确率,提出了一种基于改进的向量空间模型(VSM)的词义排歧策略,该模型在提取特征向量的基础上,考虑了语法、词形、语义等因素,计算语境相似度,并引入搭配约束,改进了算法的效果,在开放测试环境下,词义标注正确率可达到80%以上。实验结果表明,该方法对语境信息的描述更加全面,有利于进一步的语义分析。     

三支决策视角下概念格的分析和比较*

基于概念的构造和形式背景的构成,文中从三支决策的视角探究不同概念格之间的内在联系,分别对比不完备形式背景和经典形式背景中的概念格及直觉模糊形式背景和模糊形式背景中的概念格,展现三支决策在概念格理论中的重要价值.通过对比可以看出,相比经典形式背景和模糊形式背景中的概念格,不完备形式背景和直觉模糊形式背景中的概念格体现三支决策思想,具有数据存储所占空间更小,属性约简更简洁等优势.     

基于遮挡检测和时空上下文信息的目标跟踪算法*

基于时空上下文信息的目标跟踪算法利用目标与背景之间的时空关系,在一定程度上解决静态遮挡问题,但当目标出现较大遮挡或快速运动目标被背景中物体遮挡(动态遮挡)时,仍然会出现跟踪不准确或跟丢的情况.基于此种情况,文中提出基于遮挡检测和时空上下文信息的目标跟踪算法.首先利用首帧图像中压缩后的光照不变颜色特征构造并初始化时空上下文模型.然后利用双向轨迹误差对输入的视频帧进行遮挡情况判断.如果相邻帧间目标区域特征点的双向匹配误差小于给定阈值,说明目标未出现严重遮挡或动态遮挡,可以利用时空上下文模型进行准确跟踪.否则利用文中提出的组合分类器对后续帧进行目标检测,直至重新检测到目标,同时对上下文模型和分类器进行在线更新.在多个视频帧序列上的测试表明,文中算法可以较好地解决复杂场景下较严重的静态遮挡和动态遮挡问题.     

当前食品香精研究开发的热点及展望

食品香精是加香产品的“灵魂”,是食品添加剂的重要组成部分。近年来我国食品香精呈现良好的发展势头,本文对当前食品香精研究开发的热点作了综述,并指出了未来的研究开发前景。     

城邸之间，重重风景——黄石明盛湖景花园住宅小区设计

该文从设计理念、规划布局、景观环境、建筑设计等方面入手,阐述了黄石明盛湖景花园住宅小区的设计实践,分析了现代城市文明与传统居住文化结合的可能性,探讨了住宅对城市性、地域性与居住个性的表达。     

北景私象园杯中的园居生活对造园的影响探析

历代北京私家园林是重要的生活场所,其主人和其他游客在此举行的游观、宴乐、赋诗以及日常居住等各种活动体现了园林的复杂功能,并对园林景观本身产生一定的影响。该文通过大量的文献考证,对历史上北京私家园林中的人的活动形态进行研究,分析园居生活与景观之间的互动关系,并对其地域特点进行总结。     

RAFT无皂乳液聚合制备衣康酸改性聚苯乙烯乳液

采用一种RAFT活性聚合的新方法制备衣康酸改性聚苯乙烯纳米粒子。首先合成用于活性聚合的小分子可逆加成⁃断裂链转移剂三硫代碳酸酯（DBTTC）。然后采用无皂乳液聚合的方法,以生物质原料衣康酸为共聚单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,在丙酮/水溶液中进行苯乙烯共聚反应,合成了粒径分布窄的聚苯乙烯乳液。分别研究了苯乙烯（St）/衣康酸(IA)单体配比、丙酮/水配比、反应温度以及DBTTC用量等对乳液粒径的影响。用激光粒度分布仪、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、表面张力仪和电导率仪对乳液进行表征。结果表明,当温度为78 ℃,n(St)/n(IA)为10,n(DBTTC)/n(St)为0.064,n(丙酮)/n(水)为4∶6,可获得平均粒径为98 nm的聚苯乙烯纳米乳胶粒。